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自然拼读法的基本规则(全面总结）
48个国际音标

长元音 /ɑ:/ /?:/ /?:/ /i:/ /u:/
短元音 /?/ /?/ /?/ /?/ /?/ /e/ /?/
双元音/e?/ /a?/ /??/ /??/ /e?/ /??/ /??/ /a?/
轻辅音/p/ /t/ /k/ /f/ /θ/ /s/
浊辅音/b/ /d/ /g/ /v/ /?/ /z/
轻辅音/?/ /h/ /ts/ /t?/ /tr/
浊辅音/?/ /r/ /dz/ /d?/ /dr/
鼻音/m/ /n/ /?/
半元音/j/ / w/
边音/?/
48个英语音标犹如60个汉语拼音，只要熟练地掌握了它们，对学习英语的作用是相当大的。
语音知识:

字母：语言的书写形式。元音字母只有a,e,i(y),o,u
2) 音素：音的最小的单位。英语中有48个音素，即20个元音音素和28个辅音音素.
3) 元音音素：发音响亮，是乐音；口腔中气流不收阻碍；是构成音节的主要音。英语中有20个元音。
4) 辅音音素：发音不响亮，是噪音；口腔中气流受到阻碍；不是构成音节的主要音。英语中有28辅音。
5) 音节：由元音音素和辅音音素构成的发音单位。含有一个元音音素的声音片段就是一个音节。例如：hi,mom，first单音节词，stu'dent，tea'cher，un'der'stand多音节词。音节的划分对于单词的读音至关重要，我们所要学习的自然拼读发音规律，其实都是针对单音节单词的，对于多音节单词，我们要先把单词划分成为一个一个的音节，然后在对每个音节应用自然平度发音规律。

6) 开音节：
① 辅音+元音+辅音+e name bike home due;
② 辅音+元音 he，go，hi。
7) 闭音节：
①辅音+元音+辅音 bad，bed，sit，hot，cup;
②元音+辅音it。
8) 重读音节：单词中发音特别响亮的音节。

字母或字母组合与音素之间的对应规则大揭秘
辅音字母的读音：
①音形一致的字母和字母组合：b[b] ,p [p], m[ m], f [ f], d [d], t[t], n[n], l [ l ], g [g], k [k], h [h], r [r], v [v], w [w], z [z], dr [ dr] dress, tr [tr]tree, ts [ts] cats
②音形不一致的字母： c [k] [s] call,city，g[g] [d?]get,geography , j [d? ]jacket,enjoy, x [ks] [gz]box,exam, y [j]yellow, s [s] [z] some,always
③最常见的辅音字母组合的拼读：sh [? ] shoe,finish, ch [t?]chair,teacher th[θ][?] think,brother, ph[f]photo, ck[k]black , kn[n]know,knife, ng[?]long, qu[ kw]question,queen, tch [t?]watch,catch, wh [w] [h]what,who, wr [r]write,wrong, ds [dz]beds
④常见辅音词头： bl-[bl]blue, br-[br]bread, gl-[gl]glass ,gr-[gr]great,
kl- [kl-]clean ,kr-[kr]cross ,fl-,fr-,pl-,pr-,sk-,sl-,sm-,sn-,sp-,st-,str-,sw-
⑤常见辅音词尾：-ple[-pl]apple ,-ble[-bl]table , -tle/ttle[-tl]little, -dle/ddle [-dl]middle,-cle[-kl]uncle, -ften[-fn]often, -son/sson[-sn] [-zn]lesson,season
-ven[-vn]seven
⑥另外，单词中有些时候辅音字母会不发音。
b在t,m后，不发音doubt,climb,tomb
g在n前不发音sign,design,resign
h在词首不发音hour,honor
l在f,k,m前一般不发音 calf,talk,clam,在could里也没有发音
⑦另还需特说明一下辅音字母y的发音：
y在词首时，通常发辅音[j] yes，yellow
当y在单词词尾，而且这个单词里面没有其他元音字母时，此时y通常发元音音素/a?/my,sky,cry
而当y在一个较长一些的单词词尾时，这个单词里面没有其他元音时，y通常发元音音素 /i:/baby,city,hurry,cherry
（2.）元音字母的读音：
①开音节的拼读：
A 发字母本身音[ei] age, ate, name, cake, lake, take, make, game, gave, made, late, came, bate, date, face, gate, hate, page, race, same, tame, wake, gave, famous, lady, bake等。
E发字母本身音[i:] be, these, me, he, she, we, 等。
I发字母本身音[ai] I ,bike, China, like, fine, five, kite, nice, wide, Friday, ride, white, write, Chinese, ice, line, mine, life, idea, nine, 等。
O发字母本身音[??] ago, radio, go, photo, rode, old, told, hold, cold, home, those, kilo, so, homework, phone, also, no, note, robot, nose, hope, joke, close, stone, clothes, broken等。
U发字母本身音[ju:] cute, bute, mute, fume, men, pupil, argue, use, 等。
②闭音节的拼读：
A 发[? ]口型要打大 at, bad, band, apple，fat, has, am, and, cat, cap, bag, had, grand,carry,back,ran,badly,angry,sad,flat,map,mat,van,man,swam,catch,hand, fantastic, thank, black, panda, that, happy, activity, drank, dragon, taxi, 等。
E 发[e] when, met, them, smell, tell, ball, clever, every, help, better, west, then, yes,fell,desk, red, yellow, pencil, bed, bedroom, dress, festival, get, telephone, egg, went, leg, twenty, next, let, men等
I 发[i] lift,big, dinner, fish, listen, it, is, six, this, in, sister, his, him, bit, little, river, picnic, think, city, with, finish, sit, chick, skip, miss, nothing, pink, picture, visit, swim, ticket等
O发[?] drop, shop, box, bottle, coffee, lost, cross, long, pop, stop, dog, not, body, box, clock, computer, doll, got, hot, pocket, office, point, lots, doctor
U发[?] us, study, funny, but, bus, sun, Sunday, summer, hurry, mum, under, understand, cut, duck, truck, lucky, fun, gun等
③字母组合的读音也是有规律可循的。如;
ea, ee字母组合的发[i:]音：tea, clean, team, eat, east, speak, please, each, easy, read, sea, teacher，need, cheese, wheel, feel, agree, green, week, thirteen, three, deep, peep, weep, sleep, jeep, see, feet, street, teeth, meet, week
部分ea字母组合发[e]： bread, heavy, breakfast, weather, head, headache, ready, deaf,
oa字母组合的发[??]音：road, boat, coat,loaf
ir,ur字母组合的发[ ?:]音：girl, bird, thirsty, third, first, birthday, circle, sir, shirt, skirt, dirty, skirt,turn,turtle,purple
ar组合字母发 [ɑ:]音 {（a在s, ss前）也发[a:]}：hard, card, park, art, car, are, dark, arm, farmer, market, party, large, star, argue，far
class, vase, glass, pass, last, past, task,, mast, vast, cast, fast等
ow字母组合有时发[??]音：window, yellow, show, slow, sow, tow, bow, mow, 等
ou, ow字母组合有时发[au]音mouth, about,, house, housework, south, how, now, town,等。
oo字母组合有时发发[u]音：hood ,头巾wool ,羊毛 look ,good , foot, room, football, took, cook wood, book, goodbye,
oo字母组合有时发[ u: ]food, moon, tool, pool, zoo, too, school, cool, tooth
ear字母组合有时发 [??]音：tear，dear，fear，gear，hear， near，shear，rear，
ear字母组合有时和air一样发[e? ]：bear, tear, wear, pear,
oy，oi字母组合发[ ?? ]音: boy, toy,coy腼腆的, foy告别宴会, soy酱油voice,noise,point
ight 字母组合发[ ai ]音：right, light, night, fight, might, tight
ay字母组合发[ ei]音: stay, say, day, hay干草, lay设置
-tion,-sion字母组合发[?n]音nation,sation,[?n]音 decision
ough,augh字母组合发 /?/音，bought(buy过去式）,caught（catch过去式）
ew字母组合发[ u: ]音:blew(blow过去式）,drew（draw过去式）,new, grew（grow过去式）
④在单词的非重读音节中，元音字母a,e,i,o,u都发相同的音，这个音在英语中叫schwa(弱读），即我们经常听到的 /?/，例如，salad,happen,pencil,ribbon等

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