三维正交机织复合材料翼子板多尺度可靠性优化设计

doi:10.16183/j.cnki.jsjtu.2019.283

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

三维正交机织复合材料具有优异的力学性能和抗分层能力,在汽车轻量化应用方面前景广阔. 以三维正交机织复合材料汽车翼子板为研究对象,基于多尺度仿真预测方法,建立复合材料弹性性能解析预测模型和翼子板宏观有限元模型. 同时针对材料和结构设计变量的不确定性,结合蒙特卡洛可靠性分析方法、Kriging代理模型和粒子群优化算法,实现复合材料翼子板多尺度可靠性优化设计. 结果表明:优化后的翼子板在满足结构刚度和可靠性要求的同时,达到了21.93%的轻量化效果.

关键词: 三维正交机织复合材料, 汽车翼子板, Kriging代理模型, 多尺度仿真, 可靠性优化设计

Abstract:

Three-dimensional orthogonal woven composites have excellent mechanical properties and delamination resistance, which have a bright future in the application of automotive lightweight. A prediction model of elastic properties for three-dimensional orthogonal woven composites was established based on the analytical micromechanical method. The macro-scale performances of the fender were analyzed by using the finite element method. The Monte Carlo reliability analysis method, the Kriging surrogate mode, and the particle swarm optimization algorithm were adopted to conduct multi-scale reliability-based design optimization of a composite structure, which involves the uncertainties of material and structural design variables. The results show that the optimized fender meets the requirments of structural stiffness and reliability, and it also achieves a weight reduction of 21.93%.

Key words: three-dimensional orthogonal woven composite (3DOWC), automobile fender, Kriging surrogate model, multi-scale simulation, reliability-based design optimization (RBDO)

中图分类号:

U465.6

陶威, 刘钊, 许灿, 朱平. 三维正交机织复合材料翼子板多尺度可靠性优化设计[J]. 上海交通大学学报, 2021, 55(5): 615-623.

TAO Wei, LIU Zhao, XU Can, ZHU Ping. Multi-Scale Reliability-Based Design Optimization of Three-Dimensional Orthogonal Woven Composite Fender[J]. Journal of Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 2021, 55(5): 615-623.

图/表 14

图1

表1

表2

表3

图2

图3

表4

翼子板工况性能指标

工况		约束条件	可靠度
工况1	安装点1	$k i mp$ ≥50 N/mm, i=1,2,3,4	ρ≥95%
	安装点2
	安装点3
	安装点4
工况2	外板刚度	k^m≥100 N/mm
工况3	翼尖1	$k j ft$ ≥300 N/mm, j=1,2,3
	翼尖2
	翼尖3

表4

图4

表5

图5

表6

表7

图6

表8

优化结果性能指标与可靠度验证

性能指标	约束	初始设计				确定性优化				可靠性优化
性能指标	约束	性能均值		可靠度/%		性能均值		可靠度/%		性能均值	可靠度/%
安装点1刚度	$k i mp$ ≥50 N/mm, i=1,2,3,4	80.3	100		51.4		58.2		55.0		96.9
安装点2刚度		86.9	100		54.0		89.9		58.9		99.8
安装点3刚度		159.1	100		52.8		64.6		57.2		97.9
安装点4刚度		145.4	100		51.2		60.3		55.7		98.5
外板刚度	k^m≥100 N/mm	334.2	100		113.6		97.7		127.4		99.2
翼尖1刚度	$k j ft$ ≥300 N/mm, j=1,2,3	865.1	100		316.2		69.5		349.7		99.7
翼尖2刚度		747.4	100		307.1		54.2		330.7		97.0
翼尖3刚度		2815.2	100		1105.2		100		1216.5		100

表8

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纤维束	高度/mm	宽度/mm	纤维体积分数/%	间距/mm	层数
经向	0.36	1.10	58.33	2	4
纬向	0.24	1.52	63.32	2.5	5

物理量	试验结果	预测结果	误差/%
经向模量/GPa	39.28	39.32	0.1
纬向模量/GPa	37.56	38.80	3.2

设计变量	变量描述	下限	上限	概率分布	变异系数/%
x₁	经向纤维束间距/mm	2	4	高斯	2
x₂	纬向纤维束间距/mm	2.5	4.5	高斯	2
x₃	厚度/mm	2.4	4.8	高斯	2
x₄	外板铺设角度/(°)	0	90	高斯	2
x₅	安装点1附加宽度/mm	0	15	高斯	2

设计变量	变量描述	初始设计	确定性优化	可靠性优化
x₁	经向纤维束间距	2	3.59	3.27
x₂	纬向纤维束间距	2.5	3.07	2.87
x₃	厚度	3.6	3	3
x₄	外板铺设角度	0	50.50	55.75
x₅	安装点附加宽度	0	12.12	14.50