N-甲基-2-吡咯烷酮碘化物作为功能前体添加剂，用于创纪录效率的二维 Ruddlesden-Popper (PEA)2(Cs)n−1PbnI3n+1 太阳能电池,Advanced Functional Materials

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N-甲基-2-吡咯烷酮碘化物作为功能前体添加剂，用于创纪录效率的二维 Ruddlesden-Popper (PEA)2(Cs)n−1PbnI3n+1 太阳能电池
Advanced Functional Materials ( IF 19.0 ) Pub Date : 2021-09-29 , DOI: 10.1002/adfm.202106380
Zhizai Li ₁ , Bo Ma ₂ , Youkui Xu ₁ , Yutian Lei ₁ , Wei Lan ₁ , Gang Wang ₃ , Wenquan Li ₄ , Qiang Wang ₂ , Hao‐Li Zhang ₂ , Zhiwen Jin ₁

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2D 钙钛矿 (PEA) ₂ (Cs) _n_-1 Pb _n I ₃_n₊₁（PEA：苯乙基铵）在环境条件下表现出比其 3D 组件更强的相稳定性，因此近年来受到极大关注。然而，(PEA) ₂ (Cs) _n_-1 Pb _n I ₃_n_{+1 中}不可控的结晶动力学导致难以控制薄膜形态和相取向调节，导致较差的功率转换效率（PCE）。在此，通过加入前体添加剂N-甲基-2-吡咯烷酮碘化物(NMPI)，在(PEA) ₂ (Cs) _n_-1 Pb _n I ₃_n₊₁薄膜沉积过程中的结晶速率得到有效调节。因此，2D 或准 2D 钙钛矿太阳能电池 (PSC) 在所有报道的 2D 或准 2D CsPbX ₃系列中提供了创纪录的 PCE ，例如，准 2D ( n = 20) CsPbI ₃PSC 表现出创纪录的 14.59% 的 PCE，显示出显着增强的稳定性。详细的表征表明，NMPI 与前驱体中的二甲基碘化铵 (DMAI) 形成氢键，以控制结晶速率，以获得具有小波动的平滑形态，从而提高载流子寿命并降低陷阱密度。更重要的是，飞秒瞬态吸收 (fs-TA) 测量证实了准二维钙钛矿薄膜中相纯度的提高和非辐射复合的抑制。据信，这种简单的添加剂策略为解决二维和准二维 CsPbX _{3 中的}相变和结晶动力学问题铺平了道路。

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N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone Iodide as Functional Precursor Additive for Record Efficiency 2D Ruddlesden-Popper (PEA)2(Cs)n−1PbnI3n+1 Solar Cells

2D perovskite (PEA)₂(Cs)_n₋₁Pb_nI₃_n₊₁ (PEA: phenylethylammonium) exhibits more strengthened phase stability than its 3D components under ambient conditions and hence gained great attention in recent years. However, uncontrollable crystallization kinetics in (PEA)₂(Cs)_n₋₁Pb_nI₃_n₊₁ leads to difficulty in controlling film morphology and phase-orientation regulation, resulting in poor power conversion efficiency (PCE). Herein, by incorporating precursor additive N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone iodide (NMPI), the crystallization rate during the deposition of (PEA)₂(Cs)_n₋₁Pb_nI₃_n₊₁ film is efficiently regulated. As a result, the 2D or quasi-2D perovskite solar cell (PSC) delivers record PCEs in all reported 2D or quasi-2D CsPbX₃ families, for instance, the quasi-2D (n = 20) CsPbI₃ PSC exhibits a record PCE of 14.59%, showing significantly enhanced stability. Detailed characterization reveals that the NMPI forms hydrogen bonds with dimethylammonium iodide (DMAI) in the precursor to control crystallization rate for a smooth morphology with small fluctuation, which leads to improved carrier lifetime and reduced trap-density. More importantly, femtosecond transient absorption (fs-TA) measurements confirm an improved phase purity and the suppressed nonradiative recombination in quasi-2D perovskite film. It is believed that this simple additive strategy paves a new route for solving phase transition and crystallization kinetic problems in 2D and quasi-2D CsPbX₃.

更新日期：2021-09-29

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