黔南州重安江流域水环境现状及成因分析
doi: 10.12153/j.issn.1674-991X.20210692
Water environment status and causes analysis of Chong'an River Basin in Qiannan Prefecture
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摘要: 从流域尺度研究黔南州重安江水环境质量变化特征,分析流域水环境现状。结果表明:黔南州重安江流域水质在2018年前总体较差,干流除黑塘桥断面外均在2018年消除劣Ⅴ类水体,支流五里桥断面水质在2019年达到Ⅲ类,川恒公司排口下游断面水质在2020年达到Ⅲ类,流域水环境时空异质性显著,上游水质总体优于下游。从超标污染物来看,均为总磷超标,另外部分断面氟化物超标,2015年凤山桥边断面总磷浓度最高,达到17.3 mg/L。根据流域各污染源负荷分析可知,60.41%总磷污染来自畜禽养殖。根据水资源利用情况分析可知,农业面源污染是流域水污染的主要来源。针对流域水环境现状提出持续推进重点污染源治理工程、加强水生态修复与治理措施、加强重安江流域水环境联防联控等流域综合治理措施。
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关键词:
- 黔南州 /
- 长江流域 /
- 重安江 /
- 水环境 /
- 成因分析
Abstract: The change characteristics of water environmental quality of Chong'an River Basin in Qiannan Prefecture were studied at the watershed scale, and the water environmental status of the watershed was comprehensively analyzed. The results showed that the water quality of Chong'an River Basin in Qiannan Prefecture was generally poor before 2018. For the trunk stream, except for the section of Heitang Bridge, all other sections eliminated the water body inferior to Grade Ⅴ in 2018. In terms of tributaries, Wuliqiao section was better than Grade Ⅲ in 2019, and the downstream of Chuanheng's outfall section was better than Grade Ⅲ in 2020. The results showed a pronounced spatiotemporal heterogeneity of water environment quality, and the water quality in the upstream was overall better than that in the downstream. In terms of pollutants, total phosphorus in all the sections and fluoride in some sections exceeded the standard. In 2015, the total phosphorus in Fengshan bridge section was the highest with 17.3 mg/L. The analysis showed that agricultural sources contributed the most to the water environment pollution in the basin. In the end, the comprehensive management measures for the basin were put forward, such as continuously promoting key pollution source control projects, strengthening water ecological restoration and control measures, and strengthening joint prevention and control of water environment in Chong'an River basin.-
Key words:
- Qiannan Prefecture /
- Yangtze River Basin /
- Chong'an River /
- water environment /
- causes analysis
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图 1 黔南州重安江流域监测断面分布
Figure 1. Distribution map of monitoring sections of Chong'an River Basin in Qiannan Prefecture
图 2 重安江流域干流断面水质变化
Figure 2. Variation of water quality in the trunk stream sections of Chong'an River Basin
图 3 重安江流域支流断面水质变化
Figure 3. Variation of water quality in the tributary sections of Chong'an River Basin
图 4 2015年和2019年黔南州及黔南州长江流域水资源利用情况
Figure 4. Utilization of water resourcesin Qiannan Prefecture and Yangtze River Basin of Qiannan Prefecture in 2015 and 2019
表 1 重安江流域各段面水质变化
Table 1. Changes of water quality in each section in Chong'an River Basin
级别 所属河道 断面名称 控制级别 2015年 2016年 2017年 2018年 2019年 2020年 干流 鱼梁江 黑塘桥 其他 Ⅱ Ⅱ Ⅱ Ⅱ Ⅱ Ⅱ 吴家桥 其他 劣Ⅴ 劣Ⅴ 劣Ⅴ Ⅴ Ⅳ Ⅳ 鸭草坝 其他 劣Ⅴ 劣Ⅴ 劣Ⅴ Ⅳ Ⅲ Ⅲ 凤山桥边 国控 劣Ⅴ 劣Ⅴ 劣Ⅴ Ⅳ Ⅲ Ⅲ 支流 后河 市化肥厂 其他 Ⅳ Ⅳ Ⅲ Ⅳ Ⅲ Ⅲ 川恒上游 其他 Ⅳ Ⅳ Ⅲ Ⅳ 劣Ⅴ Ⅲ 川恒下游 其他 劣Ⅴ 劣Ⅴ Ⅴ 劣Ⅴ 劣Ⅴ Ⅲ 皮拢河 越都取水口 其他 Ⅱ Ⅲ Ⅲ Ⅱ Ⅱ Ⅱ 五里桥 其他 劣Ⅴ 劣Ⅴ 劣Ⅴ 劣Ⅴ Ⅲ Ⅲ 表 2 重安江流域水环境污染入河量负荷及占比
Table 2. Pollution load into the river and proportion of water environmental in Chong'an River Basin
污染物 工业废水 城镇生活污水 农村生活污水 畜禽养殖 种植业 渣场渗漏 污染负荷
合计/t污染负荷/t 占比/% 污染负荷/t 占比/% 污染负荷/t 占比/% 污染负荷/t 占比/% 污染负荷/t 占比/% 污染负荷/t 占比/% 总磷 3.09 4.42 4.22 6.04 2.44 3.49 42.20 60.41 13.83 19.80 4.08 5.84 69.86 总氮 6.63 1.02 97.35 15.04 27.75 4.29 250.38 38.69 264.99 40.95 647.10 氨氮 2.71 0.72 13.05 3.46 22.20 5.89 108.61 28.81 230.42 61.12 376.99 化学需氧量 24.71 0.38 114.95 1.75 91.03 1.39 5187.89 78.95 1152.12 17.53 6 570.70 PHP网站源码天水优化价格阜新seo优化价格莱芜关键词排名包年推广价格忻州关键词按天计费推荐南平seo排名遵义SEO按天收费价格柳州关键词按天计费多少钱大鹏百度竞价包年推广公司黔南营销型网站建设公司周口营销型网站建设公司巢湖百姓网标王价格云浮百度网站优化绵阳网站关键词优化价格重庆关键词排名公司毕节建站报价北京百度竞价推荐重庆品牌网站设计报价保山百度seo多少钱河池推广网站公司厦门seo价格松原网站优化推广公司伊犁网站推广方案多少钱玉树外贸网站建设报价南山网站推广工具哪家好丽江推广网站公司潍坊品牌网站设计益阳网站seo优化推荐内江百度标王哪家好抚州建站哪家好湘西网站推广工具价格歼20紧急升空逼退外机英媒称团队夜以继日筹划王妃复出草木蔓发 春山在望成都发生巨响 当地回应60岁老人炒菠菜未焯水致肾病恶化男子涉嫌走私被判11年却一天牢没坐劳斯莱斯右转逼停直行车网传落水者说“没让你救”系谣言广东通报13岁男孩性侵女童不予立案贵州小伙回应在美国卖三蹦子火了淀粉肠小王子日销售额涨超10倍有个姐真把千机伞做出来了近3万元金手镯仅含足金十克呼北高速交通事故已致14人死亡杨洋拄拐现身医院国产伟哥去年销售近13亿男子给前妻转账 现任妻子起诉要回新基金只募集到26元还是员工自购男孩疑遭霸凌 家长讨说法被踢出群充个话费竟沦为间接洗钱工具新的一天从800个哈欠开始单亲妈妈陷入热恋 14岁儿子报警#春分立蛋大挑战#中国投资客涌入日本东京买房两大学生合买彩票中奖一人不认账新加坡主帅:唯一目标击败中国队月嫂回应掌掴婴儿是在赶虫子19岁小伙救下5人后溺亡 多方发声清明节放假3天调休1天张家界的山上“长”满了韩国人?开封王婆为何火了主播靠辱骂母亲走红被批捕封号代拍被何赛飞拿着魔杖追着打阿根廷将发行1万与2万面值的纸币库克现身上海为江西彩礼“减负”的“试婚人”因自嘲式简历走红的教授更新简介殡仪馆花卉高于市场价3倍还重复用网友称在豆瓣酱里吃出老鼠头315晚会后胖东来又人满为患了网友建议重庆地铁不准乘客携带菜筐特朗普谈“凯特王妃P图照”罗斯否认插足凯特王妃婚姻青海通报栏杆断裂小学生跌落住进ICU恒大被罚41.75亿到底怎么缴湖南一县政协主席疑涉刑案被控制茶百道就改标签日期致歉王树国3次鞠躬告别西交大师生张立群任西安交通大学校长杨倩无缘巴黎奥运
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