新型城镇化与非正规就业：规模、格局及社会融合

陈明星; 黄莘绒; 黄耿志; 杨燕珊

doi:10.18306/dlkxjz.2021.01.005

鎽樿/Abstract

鎽樿锛�

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鍏抽敭璇�: 鏂板瀷鍩庨晣鍖�, 闈炴瑙勫氨涓�, 浼扮畻瑙勬ā, 琛屼笟绫诲瀷, 鑴嗗急鎬�, 绀句細铻嶅悎

Abstract:

With the development of urbanization, promoting the citizenization of migrant workers and improving the quality of employment has become an important goal of China's urbanization strategy in the new era. Affected by the COVID-19 pandemic, the problem of informal employment stands out even further. Starting with an examination of the relationship between new urbanization and informal employment, this study draws on the data from population census and the China Labor-force Dynamic Survey (CLDS) to estimate the scale of urban informal employment in China and analyze its spatial and sectoral characteristics. It then identifies the main social integration problems faced by informal workers and discusses some policy options. It is found that urbanization and informal employment are interrelated. Informal employment provides job opportunities for rural migrants with the inability to find formal jobs in cities and urban workers who are unemployed, playing a role in alleviating employment and poverty problems. It is argued that the new urbanization with the principle of putting people first should be concerned with the social integration of informal workers with the aim to promote their citizenization. According to the estimation based on multi-source data, the number of informal workers is 138 million-155 million, accounting for 33.2%-44.7% of urban employment in China. The unobserved/unregistered informal workers are the majority. The distribution of informal employment is characterized by the spatial pattern that the scale of informal employment decreases from the eastern to the central and the western parts of China. In terms of employment types, most informal workers are employed in enterprises. Informal employment in China is mainly concentrated in the sector of wholesale, retail trade, and catering, followed by the sectors of residential service, repair, and other services and manufacturing industry. Informal workers are faced with difficulties in social integration, including job precarity, income instability, social marginalization due to population registration restriction, limited access to public services, and vulnerability to crises. It is recommended that policy intervention should pay attention to improving the quality of informal employment and promoting social integration of informal workers in the future.

Key words: new urbanization, informal employment, estimated scale, industrial pattern, vulnerability, social integration

闄堟槑鏄�, 榛勮帢缁�, 榛勮�垮織, 鏉ㄧ嚂鐝�. 鏂板瀷鍩庨晣鍖栦笌闈炴瑙勫氨涓氾細瑙勬ā銆佹牸灞�鍙婄ぞ浼氳瀺鍚圼J]. 鍦扮悊绉戝杩涘睍, 2021, 40(1): 50-60.

CHEN Mingxing, HUANG Xinrong, HUANG Gengzhi, YANG Yanshan. New urbanization and informal employment: Scale, pattern, and social integration[J]. PROGRESS IN GEOGRAPHY, 2021, 40(1): 50-60.

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閾炬帴鏈枃: https://www.progressingeography.com/CN/10.18306/dlkxjz.2021.01.005

https://www.progressingeography.com/CN/Y2021/V40/I1/50

鍥�/琛� 6

鍥�1 鏂板瀷鍩庨晣鍖栦笌闈炴瑙勫氨涓氬叧绯�

Fig.1 Relationship between new urbanization and informal employment

琛�1 涓浗鍩庨晣闈炴瑙勫氨涓氱殑瑙勬ā鍜屾瘮渚�

Tab.1 Scale and proportion of urban informal employment in China

浼扮畻鏂规	浜哄彛鏅煡(2010骞�)		CLDS(2016骞�)		ILO(2013骞�)
浼扮畻鏂规	鎬讳綋	闅愭�ч儴鍒�	鎬讳綋	闅愭�ч儴鍒�	鎬讳綋	闅愭�ч儴鍒�
鍩庨晣闈炴瑙勫氨涓氬崰鍩庨晣灏变笟姣斾緥/%	44.7	31.8	33.2	32.6	36.2	31.3
鍩庨晣闈炴瑙勫氨涓氳妯�/鐧句竾浜�	155.1	110.3	137.5	135.1	138.4	119.7

鍥�2 涓浗鍩庨晣闈炴瑙勫氨涓氱殑鐪佸煙绌洪棿鍒嗗竷娉細鏈浘鍩轰簬鑷劧璧勬簮閮ㄦ爣鍑嗗湴鍥炬湇鍔＄綉绔欎笅杞界殑瀹″浘鍙蜂负GS(2020)4632鍙风殑鏍囧噯鍦板浘鍒朵綔,搴曞浘鏃犱慨鏀广��

Fig.2 Provincial distribution of urban informal employment in China

琛�2 鍩轰簬CLDS鐨勫垎闆囦剑绫诲瀷涓浗鍩庨晣闈炴瑙勫氨涓氱粨鏋�

Tab.2 Urban informal employment structure in China based on the CLDS

绫诲瀷	2012骞�					2014骞�					2016骞�
	闅愭��		鏄炬��	鎬讳綋		闅愭��		鏄炬��	鎬讳綋		闅愭��		鏄炬��	鎬讳綋
	琚泧	鑷泧	鑷泧	鎬讳綋	琚泧		鑷泧	鑷泧	鎬讳綋	琚泧	鑷泧		鑷泧	鎬讳綋
鏁伴噺/浜�	1537	295	68	1900		2770	734	46	3550		1875	663	42	2580
鍗犻潪姝ｈ灏变笟姣斾緥/%	80.9	15.5	3.6	100		78.0	20.7	1.3	100		72.7	25.7	1.6	100

鍥�3 鍩轰簬CLDS鐨勫垎琛屼笟涓浗鍩庨晣闈炴瑙勫氨涓氱粨鏋�

Fig.3 Sectoral structure of urban informal employment in China based on the CLDS

鍥�4 闈炴瑙勫氨涓氳�呭疄鐜扮ぞ浼氳瀺鍚堣矾寰�

Fig.4 Pathways to social integration for informal employees

鍙傝�冩枃鐚� 43

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鐩稿叧鏂囩珷 15

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鏂板瀷鍩庨晣鍖栦笌闈炴瑙勫氨涓氾細瑙勬ā銆佹牸灞�鍙婄ぞ浼氳瀺鍚�

New urbanization and informal employment: Scale, pattern, and social integration

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鐩稿叧鏂囩珷 15

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