电子产品销售分析练习项目

读取数据

导入所需科学计算库

import numpy as np
import pandas as pd
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
# 忽略小警告
import warnings
warnings.filterwarnings('ignore')

读取数据

df = pd.read_csv('D:\数据分析相关笔记等\数据集\电子产品销售分析数据集\电子产品销售分析.csv')
df.head()

df['event_time'].unique()

array(['2020-04-24 11:50:39 UTC', '2020-04-24 14:37:43 UTC',
       '2020-04-24 19:16:21 UTC', ..., '2020-11-21 10:10:01 UTC',
       '2020-11-21 10:10:13 UTC', '2020-11-21 10:10:30 UTC'], dtype=object)

df['age'].unique()

array([24., 38., 32., 20., 21., 16., 49., 43., 37., 27., 48., 47., 28.,
       41., 22., 18., 44., 50., 46., 25., 34., 45., 17., 30., 36., 35.,
       39., 19., 40., 33., 31., 42., 23., 29., 26.])

清洗数据

提取数据时，处理与业务流程不符合数据，售价为负

df[df['price'] < 0]

处理空值

df.info()

<class 'pandas.core.frame.DataFrame'>
RangeIndex: 564169 entries, 0 to 564168
Data columns (total 12 columns):
 #   Column         Non-Null Count   Dtype  
---  ------         --------------   -----  
 0   Unnamed: 0     564169 non-null  int64  
 1   event_time     564169 non-null  object 
 2   order_id       564169 non-null  int64  
 3   product_id     564169 non-null  int64  
 4   category_id    564169 non-null  float64
 5   category_code  434799 non-null  object 
 6   brand          536945 non-null  object 
 7   price          564169 non-null  float64
 8   user_id        564169 non-null  float64
 9   age            564169 non-null  float64
 10  sex            564169 non-null  object 
 11  local          564169 non-null  object 
dtypes: float64(4), int64(3), object(5)
memory usage: 51.7+ MB

df.isnull().sum()

Unnamed: 0            0
event_time            0
order_id              0
product_id            0
category_id           0
category_code    129370
brand             27224
price                 0
user_id               0
age                   0
sex                   0
local                 0
dtype: int64

# 删除含有空值的行
df = df.dropna(axis = 0, how = 'any')

处理数据类型

# 将'category_id', 'user_id', 'age'改为int64
df[['category_id', 'user_id', 'age']] = df[['category_id', 'user_id', 'age']].astype('int64')
df['event_time'] = pd.to_datetime(df['event_time'])
# 月
df['month'] = df['event_time'].dt.month
# 季
df['quater'] = df['event_time'].dt.to_period('Q') # 参数 M 表示月份，Q 表示季度，A 表示年度，D 表示按天
df.drop(df[df['quater'] == '1970Q1'].index, inplace=True) # 去除异常值

df.info()

<class 'pandas.core.frame.DataFrame'>
Int64Index: 419890 entries, 0 to 564168
Data columns (total 14 columns):
 #   Column         Non-Null Count   Dtype              
---  ------         --------------   -----              
 0   Unnamed: 0     419890 non-null  int64              
 1   event_time     419890 non-null  datetime64[ns, UTC]
 2   order_id       419890 non-null  int64              
 3   product_id     419890 non-null  int64              
 4   category_id    419890 non-null  int64              
 5   category_code  419890 non-null  object             
 6   brand          419890 non-null  object             
 7   price          419890 non-null  float64            
 8   user_id        419890 non-null  int64              
 9   age            419890 non-null  int64              
 10  sex            419890 non-null  object             
 11  local          419890 non-null  object             
 12  month          419890 non-null  int64              
 13  quater         419890 non-null  period[Q-DEC]      
dtypes: datetime64[ns, UTC](1), float64(1), int64(7), object(4), period[Q-DEC](1)
memory usage: 48.1+ MB

处理年龄组

bins = [16, 20, 30, 40, 60]
labels = ['16-19', '20-29', '30-39', '40-60']
df['agegroup'] = pd.cut(df['age'], bins, right = False, labels = labels)

查看数据

df.describe()

price的均值在254.28元，中位数在138.87元，可能存在极值影响 年龄的平均值、中位数均在33岁，说明该数据服从正态分布或近似正态分布

数据分析

查看全年销售额的增长率

# 销售额数据分组汇总
sales_month = df.groupby(['month'])['price'].sum()
# 计算2-11月销售增长率
sales_rate_2 = sales_month[2] / sales_month[1] - 1
sales_rate_3 = sales_month[3] / sales_month[2] - 1
sales_rate_4 = sales_month[4] / sales_month[3] - 1
sales_rate_5 = sales_month[5] / sales_month[4] - 1
sales_rate_6 = sales_month[6] / sales_month[5] - 1
sales_rate_7 = sales_month[7] / sales_month[6] - 1
sales_rate_8 = sales_month[8] / sales_month[7] - 1
sales_rate_9 = sales_month[9] / sales_month[8] - 1
sales_rate_10 = sales_month[10] / sales_month[9] - 1
sales_rate_11 = sales_month[11] / sales_month[10] - 1
# 设置2-11月的增长率标签
sales_rate_2_label = '%.2f%%' % (sales_rate_2 * 100)
sales_rate_3_label = '%.2f%%' % (sales_rate_3 * 100)
sales_rate_4_label = '%.2f%%' % (sales_rate_4 * 100)
sales_rate_5_label = '%.2f%%' % (sales_rate_5 * 100)
sales_rate_6_label = '%.2f%%' % (sales_rate_6 * 100)
sales_rate_7_label = '%.2f%%' % (sales_rate_7 * 100)
sales_rate_8_label = '%.2f%%' % (sales_rate_8 * 100)
sales_rate_9_label = '%.2f%%' % (sales_rate_9 * 100)
sales_rate_10_label = '%.2f%%' % (sales_rate_10 * 100)
sales_rate_11_label = '%.2f%%' % (sales_rate_11 * 100)

# 将1-11月的销售额以及增长率转换为DataFrame
sales = pd.DataFrame({
    'sales_month':sales_month,
    'sales_rate':[0, sales_rate_2, sales_rate_3, sales_rate_4, sales_rate_5, sales_rate_6, 
                  sales_rate_7, sales_rate_8, sales_rate_9, sales_rate_10, sales_rate_11],
    'sales_rate_label':['0.00%', sales_rate_2_label, sales_rate_3_label, sales_rate_4_label, 
                        sales_rate_5_label, sales_rate_6_label, sales_rate_7_label, 
                        sales_rate_8_label, sales_rate_9_label, sales_rate_10_label, sales_rate_11_label]
})
# 绘制图形
from matplotlib import ticker
# 设置中文字符
plt.rcParams['font.sans-serif'] = 'SimHei'
plt.rcParams['axes.unicode_minus'] = False
# 设置背景样式
plt.style.use('ggplot')
# x轴数据
x = ['{}月'.format(values) for values in sales.index.tolist()]
# y轴数据
y1 = sales['sales_month']
y2 = sales['sales_rate']
# 创建画布
fig = plt.figure(figsize = (20, 8), dpi = 80)
ax1 = fig.add_subplot(111)
ax2 = ax1.twinx()
# 绘制图形
ax1.bar(x, y1, color = 'pink', label = '销售额')
ax2.plot(x, y2, color = 'black',marker = '*', label = '增长率')
ax1.set_xticks(x)
ax1.set_ylim(0, 30000000)
ax2.yaxis.set_major_formatter(ticker.PercentFormatter(xmax=1, decimals=1))
ax1.set_xlabel('月份')
ax1.set_ylabel('销售额')
ax2.set_ylabel('增长率')
ax1.set_title("销售额与增长率")
plt.legend()
plt.show()

各省销售情况

各省销售占比

# 按省分类
sales_area = df.groupby('local')['price'].sum()
# 绘图
sales_area.plot(figsize=(20,8),kind = 'pie',autopct='%1.1f%%',title='2020年总销售额占比')
# # 准备数据
# labels = sales_area.index
# size = sales_area.values
# # 设置画布
# plt.figure(figsize = (20, 8), dpi = 80)
# # 饼图属性
# plt.pie(size, labels = labels, autopct = '%.2f%%')
# # 长宽更改
# plt.axis('equal')
# plt.title('2020年总销售额占比', fontsize='x-large')
# plt.legend()
plt.show()

# 各地区每一年的销售额
month_sales_area = df.groupby(by=['local','month'])['price'].sum()
# 将分组后的多层索引转换为列数据
month_sales_area = month_sales_area.reset_index(level=[0, 1])
# 使用数据透视表重新整理数据
month_sales_area = pd.pivot_table(month_sales_area, 
                                  index='local', 
                                  columns='month', 
                                  values='price')
# 绘制图形
month_sales_area.plot(figsize=(20, 8), kind='bar', title='2020年不同省份销售额对比')
plt.show()

各省8月份的销售额均大于其他月份，说明在8月份消费者更容易消费

前四个月的销售额很低迷，商家应针对不同月份退出不同优惠活动

各省份不同类别产品销售比

# 各省份不同类型产品的销售额
category_sales_area = df.groupby(by = ['local','category_code'])['price'].sum().reset_index().sort_values('price',ascending = False).head(50)
category_sales_area = category_sales_area.groupby(by=['local','category_code'])['price'].sum()
# 将分组后的多层索引设置为列数据
category_sales_area = category_sales_area.reset_index()
# 数据透视表整理数据
category_sales_area = pd.pivot_table(category_sales_area,
                                    index='local',
                                    columns='category_code',
                                    values='price')
# 绘制图形
category_sales_area.plot(figsize=(20, 8), kind ='bar', title='不同类别产品T50在各省份销售对比')
plt.show()